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Vývoj epigeické arachnoentomofauny borových porostů v požářišti revíru Bzenec - Moravská Sahara (LS Strážnice)
Prágr, Jakub
Successional changes occurring in the structure and composition of communities of epigeic fauna in the first three (Coleoptera: Carabidae), or two (Araneae) years after the pine stands fire have been studied since 2013 in the territory of the Moravian Sahara (Bzenec, Czech Republic). 11 permanent research plots were established in order to evaluate the response of epigeic fauna and habitat changes after the fire. These included areas deforested after the fire, pine stands severely affected by the fire (27 years) left to natural successional development and pine stands (94 years) with ongoing salvage cutting. Qualitatively equal stands undisturbed by the fire (29 and 78 years) were simultaneously studied. Pitfall traps were used (5 pcs/area) to determine the state of the epigeic fauna. A total of 90 kinds of Carabid species and 151 spider species were caught and determined. The structure and composition of ground beetle and spider communities in locations disturbed and undisturbed by fire differed throughout the observation period. Ground beetle and spider communities of biotopes undisturbed by the fire showed a stable structure and community composition, while in pine stands disturbed by the fire, a gradual increase in species dominance and diversity of heliophilous and xerophilous groups took place. A significant decline in the species diversity of spiders in pine stands disturbed by fire was recorded between 2013 and 2014. Ground beetle communities showed the opposite trend. Ground beetle and spider communities in the surveyed area demonstrated a sensitive link to a change in the microclimatic conditions of the studied habitats; on the basis of changes in their composition, it was therefore possible to infer changes taking place also in the stands, where the effects of fire were not apparent at first glance.
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Druhové spektrum střevlíkovitých (Carabidae) v porostech polních plodin
Hurajová, Erika
In the stands of winter oilseed rape, winter wheat and corn on parcels in Miroslav I investigated species representation of ground beetles (Carabidae). I carried out using collections of ground traps at ten-day intervals. To each crop I ranked 5 ground traps. I founded ground traps 18. 5. 2016 and kept to the land to harvest crops (oilseed rape 3. 7. 2016, wheat 27. 7. 2016 and corn 15. 10. 2016. I caught a total of 371 individuals from the ground beetles of 29 species. I caught in the oilseed rape 72 individuals from 13 species, in wheat 128 individuals from 16 species, in corn 171 individuals from 18 species. I classiffied species in to bioindicatory groups: 44,83 % E, 51,72 % A, 3,44 % R. I used ecology characteristics: presence, absence, dominance, Simpsons index, constance, species diverzity, equitability and faunistic similarity.
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Epigeičtí bezobratlí vybraných porostů polních plodin
Hurajová, Erika
The species representation of the epigeic invertebrates was found on the grounds of Miroslav. I compared oilseed rape, wheat and maize. The invertebrate capture was done using the method of soil traps. In each crop, I set up 5 ground traps on 28. 4. 2018. I pick up samples from the soil traps at ten-day intervals. The last collection was made on the day of the harvest of the crop (oilseed rape 20. 6. 2018, wheat 9. 7. 2018, maize 5. 8. 2018). I focused on the family of ground beetles (Carabidae). I totally caught 488 individuals from 25 species. In the oilseed rape I caught 231 individuals of 19 species, 102 individuals of 17 species in wheat and 155 individuals of 16 species in maize. I have divided species in the bioindicator groups: E 48%, A 52%. I used ecology characteristics to compare field crops: presence, absence, dominance, Simpsons index, constance, species diverzity, equitability and faunistic similarity.
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Vápencové lomy jako útočiště pro vzácné druhy střevlíků (Coleoptera: Carabidae)
Čechová, Lucie
PhD thesis describes and compares carabid beetle communities (Coleoptera: Carabidae) from six quarries in various stages of succession - from the initial succession on bare substrate of a still active quarry to the succession in the high level of development in the quarry which is closed for more than four decades. The active quarries hosted a higher number of species of ground beetles than the quarries with a higher stage of succession. The occurrence of species corresponds to their habitat preference. It was found that species of open habitats, together with macropteric and eurytopic species, were strongly associated with a higher herb layer coverage. Forest species were positively correlated with the total vegetation coverage. The number of species and individuals of macropterous ground beetles was highest in the active and medium-term quarries, on the contrary, the lowest in the old quarries. Significant influence on the occurrence of ground beetles had total vegetation coverage and slope habitat.
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Druhová diverzita a populační hustota zástupců čeledi střevlíkovití (Carabidae, Coleoptera) v chráněné krajinné oblasti Bílé Karpaty
Velecký, Vlastimil
A research, which was focused on a faunistic exploration of Carabidae, took place in the Protected landscape area of Bílé Karpaty (White Carpathians) in 2015. This research was conducted with ground traps. The ground traps were located in the forest biotope, more accurately in the border the forest and a meadow and on the dry and wet meadow. 652 individuals collectedduring 210 days lasting research were classified into 35 species. The most frequent species were those, which prefer shaded and moist habitats such as Carabus coriaceus, Poecilus cupreus and Carabus violaceus. For each biotope was calculated the dominance, the diversity index, the equitability and was determined species similarity. This basis continued by the assessment of actual managemant area. This creates that the actual managemant does not affect negative changes on the current status of the habitat.
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Trophic ecology of the greater mouse-eared bat (Myotis myotis)
Bendová, Barbora ; Andreas, Michal (advisor) ; Bartonička, Tomáš (referee)
In 2012 it was observed foraging ecology of the three males of greater mouse-eared bat (Myotis myotis), inhabiting individual roosts in the interior of road bridge near Bernartice, and the nearest nursery colony of the same species in the village Senožaty (district Pelhřimov). In the period April to September in Senožaty were made 14 collections at intervals of approximately 14 days and in the bridge near Bernartice at similar intervals were made 8 collections from each male in the period from May to September. From each collection were subsequently been analyzed 20 samples (pellets) by the traditional method of preparation of faeces. Overall it was from all the bats analyzed 760 samples, of which 280 from the nursery colony and 480 from males. Based on the analysis was found diet composition of individual bats and of the colony, where the overall character of the trophic niche of the greater mouse-eared bat, seasonal dynamics in it's diet composition, sex differences and individual differences between males were observed. From a point of view of it's hunting strategy the greater mouse-eared bat showed itself as a ground gleaner, in whose diet were dominated larger Coleoptera, of which the predominant component were large, flightless, mostly forest Carabidae, adding medium and smaller species of...
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Temporal variability in spatial distribution of carabid beetles in agricultural landscapes
Seidl, Miroslav ; Knapp, Michal (advisor) ; Harabiš, Filip (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to work out a brief literary research focused on spatial distribution of carabid beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae) around arable field-woodland boundaries throughout the season. Substantial part of this thesis consistsof thefield experiment aiming to explore given issue in the model area near Sedlčany. Carabid beetles were collected employing pitfall traps along four transects perpendicular to arable field-woodlot boundaries. Beetles were sampled during five sampling periods, but only four complete (undamaged) temporal samples series were used for final statistical analyses:1) early spring, 2) late spring, 3) summer and 4) late autumn.Three species groups were identified according to their habitat specialization:1) open habitat specialists, 2) habitat generalists and 3) forest specialists; and these groups were analysed seperately.
Total species diversity was highest in area of ecotone between arable field and woodlot.The edge between habitats was preferred by habitat generalist species and open habitat specialist species also spilled over here. Distribution of relative species richness and relative activity density was not stable in time. Spatial distribution of forest species was relatively less variable. Open habitat species aggregated within habitat boundaries instead of field interiors in early spring, probably as a result of overwinteringbehaviour. Generalists were also aggregated in the edge between habitats in autumn period and during early spring occurred relatively more in the centre of woodlot than in other periods. Species composition of carabid beetles assemblages depended partly on season and also on position of transect. There was also a significant interaction between spatial and temporal variability in species composition of carabid assemblages. Woodlot assemblages seem to be less variable in time.
The results of this thesis contribute to extension of knowledges on distribution of carabid beetles in agroecosystems, where many carabids act aspredators of various pests. The biggest changes in spatiotemporal distribution of carabid beetles in agricultural landscape could be linked with preference of adults to overwinter out of arable land.
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Insect community structure and insect biodiversity in active limestone quarry
TULACHOVÁ, Marie
We focused on the study of epigeic beatles living in a lime pit Černý Důl. This locality is situated in the buffer-zone of Natural park of Krkonoše - 7 km far from Vrchlabí. We used e method of falling traps. We chosed non-toxical solution of NaCl as a preservative medium because of the lokality characteristics. The traps were put on a upper part of the pit. We put traps on the three of five chosen localities. 50 traps could be found on each of these three localities. We caught 2024 individuals of the order Coleoptera. These families were most abundant: (1825 pc), Silphidae (158 pc) and Staphylinidae (24 pc). 726 individuals were caught on the locality number 0, 813 on the locality number 1, and 485 on the locality number 2. The most abundant species were: Pterostichus melanarius (529 pc), Abax parallelepipedus (455 pc) and Abax ovalis (339 pc). We found 11 eurotype species, 17 antropogenic species, and 1 relict species (Cychrus attenuatus). We computed an index of antropogenic influence (ISD) on the Carabidae species. The ISD value was 34.74, which means that beatles are influenced. Platydracus stercorarius (6 pc) was the most abundant species of family Staphylinidae and Nicrophorus vespilloides (100 pc) was the most abundant species of the family Silphidae.
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